ATI Pathophysiology Practice Exam 2025 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) often presents with a variety of symptoms due to the gradual decline in kidney function and the accumulation of waste products in the body. One of the hallmark symptoms of CKD is fatigue, which occurs because the kidneys are less able to filter blood and manage waste, leading to the buildup of toxins that can affect energy levels.

Increased thirst is another common symptom. As kidney function declines, the balance of fluids and electrolytes can be disrupted, prompting the body to signal a need for more fluid intake. This symptom arises partly from the body's attempt to compensate for changes in fluid balance.

Leg cramps can also be associated with CKD, occurring as a result of electrolyte imbalances, particularly low potassium or magnesium levels. These imbalances can lead to muscle cramping.

Given that all these symptoms can be manifestations of chronic kidney disease, selecting "All of the above" is appropriate, as each symptom reflects a different aspect of how CKD affects the body. Understanding these symptoms can assist in early recognition and management of the disease.